This study aimed to explore the changes in morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics of lettuce lactuca sativa l. Other organelles such as nucleus, mitochondria, plastids and dictyosomes are typical of plant cells. The species is hermaphrodite has both male and female organs and. Cabbage lettuce, common lettuce, cos lettuce, curled lettuce, garden lettuce, head lettuce, leaf lettuce, romaine lettuce. Redl lollo rossa and redin having little red leaves. The focus of modern lettuce breeding objectives is to improve horticultural characteristics such as quality, resistance to early bolting and breeding for resistance to pests and diseases. Microsatellite fingerprinting in lettuce lactuca sativa l. Application of the trap technique to lettuce lactuca sativa. However, there is a dearth of information pertaining to organic lettuce production. Page designed through the cooperative efforts of interagency itis teams.
Pdf effects of maternal plant invironment on lettuce. This does not form a central heart but produces a loose rosette of basal leaves. Pdf the aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of the protected cultivation and open field on growth of lactuca sativa. These seedlings show significant phototropic sensitivity up to 540 to 550 nanometers. Growth and physiological characteristics of lettuce lactuca sativa. The genus includes at least 50 species, distributed worldwide, but mainly in temperate eurasia. Growth and yield by the application of biofertilizers saeed chamangasht 1, mohammad reza ardakani 1, kazem khavazi 2, bohloul abbaszadeh 3 and saeed mafakheri 4 1department of agronomy, karaj branch, islamic azad university, karaj, iran 2soil and water research institute, karaj, iran. Effects of nitrogen source on growth, lactuca sativa l. Examples of this include the iceberg and butterhead lettuces. Lettuce is a globally important leafy vegetable with the united states being the largest world producers.
This study determined the prevalence of contamination by intestinal parasites in these two plants sold in two street markets and two supermarkets in the city of belem. A chemical agent with depressant effects was isolated from extracts of the stem of lettuce, lactuca sativa l. The genome size has been estimated by flow cytometry to be 2. Encapsulated bioactive agents applied to the lactuca sativa l. Jan 17, 2020 previous studies have recorded a high prevalence of intestinal parasites in lettuce lactuca sativa l. Lactuca, commonly known as lettuce, is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family, asteraceae. The seedlings were subjected to five different concentrations 0 mm, 50 mm, 100 mm, 150 mm, and 200 mm of nacl for three weeks.
Genus name comes from the latin word lac meaning milk in obvious reference to the milky plant sap. The genus includes at least 50 species, distributed worldwide, but mainly in temperate eurasia its bestknown representative is the garden lettuce lactuca sativa, with its many varieties. Rosette leaves oblong to obovate or elliptic or ovate, 5. Root exudation and root development of lettuce lactuca. The results showed that tio 2 nps exposure at 50400 mg l. Exploring the timing of the acquisition of these characteristics is important to better understand how different environmental conditions affecting the mother plant influence seed quality.
The technical procedures have been agreed by the administrative council. Lactuca sativa is a member of the lactuca lettuce genus and the asteraceae sunflower or aster family. Previous studies have recorded a high prevalence of intestinal parasites in lettuce lactuca sativa l. Exposure timeresponse curves for blue and green lightinduced phototropic bending in hypocotyls of arabidopsis thaliana l. It is thought most likely to have originated from a progenitor similar to l. The effects of biochar and its combination with compost on. Flowering stems erect, slightly angular, medullary, green to yellow to whitish, glabrous, robust, densely leafy, branched in upper half. In 20, the world production of lettuce and chicory was 24896 tons 1. Genetic transformation agrobacterium rhizogenes lettuce. This typical odor is due to the release of 2acetyl1pyrroline 2ap after heating, which is confirmed by volatile analysis. Growth, yield and quality response to nitrogen fertilization in a noncirculating hydroponic system article pdf available in journal of plant nutrition 3912. It is in flower from july to september, and the seeds ripen from august to september.
Effect of salinity on the morphological, physiological and. Effects of organic fertilizers on growth, yield, quality. Biofortification of six varieties of lettuce lactuca sativa l. Occurrence of 2acetyl1pyrroline and its nonvolatile. Keane, in genetic improvement of vegetable crops, 1993. To inoculate seeds, 2 g of each biofertilizer was used for 8 g of lettuce seeds lactuca sativa l. Organic fertilizer effect on lettuce lactuca sativa l. A historical survey is made of the distribution of the groups of lactuca cultivars over the world. The record derives from tica data supplied on 20120211 which reports it as an accepted name record b4e03b98ee4e40129ec0828429990e8e with original publication details. Appearance of the unexpected triploids in the hybrid progeny between lettuce, lactuca sativa and its wild relatives, l.
A rapid and efficient in vitro regeneration system for. The species was first described in 1753 by carl linnaeus in the second volume of his species plantarum. Blue and green lightinduced phototropism in arabidopsis. Abstract background previous studies have recorded a high prevalence of intestinal parasites in lettuce lactuca sativa l. Lc, apartado 419, 18080 granada, spain received 31 may 1991. Romana were inoculated with two vesiculararbuscular va mycorrhizal fungi. An experiment was conducted in a lath house at the horticulture farm, luyengo campus of the university of. This principle has been almost bred out of the cultivated forms of lettuce lactuca sativa, but is still produced when the plant starts to go to seed. Microsatellite retrieval in lettuce lactuca sativa l. In the present study, we investigated hybridization under field conditions between crop lettuce lactuca sativa and its wild relative prickly lettuce l. Tio2 nanoparticle exposure on lettuce lactuca sativa l. Germinability and desiccation tolerance are important attributes that seeds acquire during their development. Lettuce belongs to the asteraceae family, and is a selffertilizing diploid plant with 2n 2x 18 chromosomes and an estimated 2. University herbarium, university of california, 1001 valley life sciences bldg.
Pollination and life history studies of lettuce lactuca sativa l. It is in flower from july to august, and the seeds ripen from august to september. Pdf polyphenolic profiles in lettuce lactuca sativa l. Lactuca sativa lettuce, garden lettuce pfaf plant database. Application of the trap technique to lettuce lactuca. Pollination and life history studies of lettuce lactuca. Tizian was grown as a model plant under controlled environmental conditions in a minirhizotrone system equipped with root observation windows rhizoboxes. Hosted by the usgs core science analytics and synthesis. Hybridization rates between lettuce lactuca sativa and. Root exudates were collected by placing sorption filters onto the root surface followed by subsequent extraction and gcms profiling of the trapped compounds.
The enhancement of plant secondary metabolites content in. Publisher hamlyn year 1975 isbn 0600335453 description. An efficient agrobacteriummediated genetic transformation method of lettuce lactuca sativa l. Since wavelengths longer than 560 nanometers do not induce phototropic bending, it is suggested that the response to. Genetic transformation and hairy root induction enhance the. Pdf microsatellite retrieval in lettuce lactuca sativa. Form approved omb no 05810055 according to the paperwork reduction act of 1995, an agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required to respond to a collection of information unless it displays a valid. Inheritance of resistance to herbicide 300 mg l glufosinate ammonium up to the third t3 seed generation was compared in two populations of transgenic lettuce lactuca sativa l. Natural crosspollination in lettuce, lactuca sativa l. Depressant pharmacological effects of a component isolated. This cylindricallyhearted lettuce known to the romans as cappadocian lettuce is now called roman lettuce or more commonly, romaine. Lactuca sativa is a garden species derived from hundreds, perhaps thousands, of years of selection from lactuca serriola l. Lactuca sativa is further characterized by a yellow corolla, white pappus, involucral bracts erect in fruit, and a flat cypsela body that has 5 to 9nerved faces, the body terminated by an elongate, filiform beak.
Southern hybridisation with a single microsatellite probe, tct10, sufficed to discriminate between a representative set of cultivarsaccessions of lettuce, lactuca sativa l. Development of estssr markers for the study of population. Its bestknown representative is the garden lettuce lactuca sativa, with its many varieties. Evidence from egyptian tomb paintings indicates that it was cultivated before 4500 bc. Pdf microsatellite retrieval in lettuce lactuca sativa l. Seven hundred and sixtynine fragments from 50 to 900bp in length were ampli. Growth, soil properties, and soil microbial activity and abundance dalilatrupiano,1 claudiacocozza,1 silviabaronti,2 carlaamendola,1 francescoprimovaccari,2 giuseppelustrato,1 saradilonardo,2 francescafantasma,1 robertotognetti,1 andgabriellastefaniascippa1. Introduction the lettuce crop is a very important one in california, and the product is shipped in considerable quantity throughout most of the year. Lettuce grows readily because all cultivated strains were obtained originally from the prickly lettuce l.
Hybridization rates between lettuce lactuca sativa and its. Lettuce types include romaine, butter head, iceberg, and loose leaf. Growth, yield and quality response to nitrogen fertilization in a noncirculating hydroponic system. Sep 15, 2008 the genus lactuca consists of about 100 species, 3 of which lactuca serriola l. In 2003 and 2004, we estimated the rates of hybridization between l. While the variety new york is the only one produced for shipping fresh, almost all of the important varieties are grown for seed.
Lettuce cultivars are classified into horticultural types based on head and leaf shape. Romaine is the most upright growing of the four major types of lettuce. With an aphidicidal gene, pta pinellia ternata agglutinin. The inoculation was conducted in dark shadow and then seeds were planted manually. The institute of food and agricultural sciences ifas is an equal opportunity institution authorized to provide research, educational information and other services only to individuals and institutions that function with nondiscrimination with respect to race, creed, color, religion, age, disability, sex, sexual orientation, marital status, national origin, political opinions or affiliations. Many cultivars are available on the market with new ones being added each year. Seeds set by the experimental wild plants were collected and sown 44 352 in 2003 and 252 345 in 2004. Irrigation was started after planting and repeated every 45 days during the growing season. The production of lettuce seed is also an important industry. Lettuce lactuca sativa l overview lettuce lactuca sativa l.
Cool season annuals, transition season annuals, or fall planted biennials. Objective description of variety lettuce lactuca sativa l. Enhances its antiproliferative effects on colorectal. Light and electron microscopy reveal that before radicle emergence micropylar cells of endosperm tissue undergo drastic protoplast. Effects of organic fertilizers on growth, yield, quality and. Inheritance of resistance to herbicide 300 mgl glufosinate ammonium up to the third t3 seed generation was compared in two populations of transgenic lettuce lactuca sativa l.
This technical protocol applies to all varieties of lactuca sativa l the protocol describes the technical procedures to be followed in order to meet the requirements of council regulation 210094 on community plant variety rights. Description of morphological characters of lettuce lactuca. Tissue culture applications in lettuce lactuca sativa l. Prevalence of contamination by intestinal parasites in. A comparative high performance liquid chromatography hplc study of 11 lactuca species, based on distributional data of 8 sesquiterpene lactones, revealed that 5 species of the subsection lactuca, that is, lactuca dregeana, l. It forms within the genus lactuca a somewhat isolated genetic compatibility group with three wild species that also have nine pairs of chromosomes, l. Show all show tabs garden lettuce general information. Recent metabolomic and genomic studies of different rice varieties highlighted that the presence of 2ap was linked to the accumulation of.
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